Cowboy up!!!
I put on a sweatshirt and insulated vest and head for the driving range as long as there is no snow on the ground.
When there's snow on the ground I work on mechanics in the family room. Contrary to what my wife says, the carpet makes a good practice mat. We've come to a happy medium. She's okay with it as long as I fix my divots.

I also live in the midwest (OH) and will visit an outdoor range with heated stalls every weekend if possible. Even with heaters, I still need a few layers on but I spend the time making half swings with many different clubs to specific targets. This time is not about hitting a club the normal distance and trajectory, but practicing this way gives me a feel for when I need to hit something like a 6 iron only 100 yards during the actual season. I have been doing this for several years now and it has improved my success rate at executing a "golf shot" on the course whether it is to get out of trouble or perhaps when the course calls for it during the normal playing season. I also continue to play when possible when courses are open--even though conditions are not great, it still is fun. We are lucky that quite a few courses will have shotgun starts late morning when the temps are not below 40 degrees as long as there is not snow.

On days I can't be outside I'll be in the garage hitting balls into my net. Got a Garmin G10 with a Spornia net/mat combo. Use Awesome golf app and it's pretty accurate.

As a fulltime student and father of 3 (another on the way) I have very little structured time to practice the way I would like. Keeping my clubs in the basement next to the TV has helped tremendously. When my kids are watching something I can take 5-10 minutes and work on specific feels slowly. I also have a divot board to work on low point control. My goal is to get in a better position at the top and also increase swing speed this winter so strength work along with mobility.

Living in the deep Southeast, we are blessed and play most of the 365. It was 75* in Charleston yesterday. So we play just about every week. We can have all four seasons in one week on the coast. Our greens can hold up on any condition so we get to play golf as long as FootJoy makes great all weather apparell. Layer up and go play is our motto. It is 72* now and we tee off at 8am tomorrow and it will be 60* and foggy with 34% chance of rain. Always a chance of rain along the coast. High tomorrow 72*, our biggest obstacle is wind. And some wonder why we live in the South? I begin to ask myself in June-August, but there is some great BBQ, fresh shrimp, and sweet tea. June cannot understand tourists flock here during the summer when it is hot/humid, gnats, and traffic. Seems those from New Jersey and Ohio stay.

Kansas during the winter months can be brutal with the wind. I typically won't work on the game on the range below 50 degrees.
I will go and chip, putt and play various games doing that.

Instead of range time, I will go play and work on situation shots. What that's you ask, well.

I will hit from rough, over bunkers, work on punch out shots, flop shots etc etc.
Score doesn't matter & even if I hit the fairway, I'll move the ball to a fairway bunker or the rough.

Around the green I'll move the ball to where I have a downhill short side chip, I'll move putts to side hill or downhill putts.

Typically, the course is not crowded due to weather so doing this is rather easy. it gets you comfortable with these unfortunate shots so in the warmer months when score & index counts you won't panic or chunk shots.

I always hit driver on holes that require it though. Sometimes I will hit 2 clubs stronger than the yardage, so I learn how to control distances.

it's lots of fun and better than range time in the cooler weather. Better feedback than hitting balls over and over.

In the warm months I'm at the range once a week.


DM

You gotta be careful you dont get paralysis by analysis with all the numbers you will have access too. If you know what they all mean or you have a coach that does, that is great. If not its possible you start worrying about things that dont need to be worried about. I also have access to this type of set up over a winter for the first time, it is so much fun to be able to get swings in!

Personally I like to putt inside when the weather outside is bad or too cold for me.

Glücklicherweise kann man bei uns in Norddeutschland und hier im speziellen bei uns im Club, das ganze Jahr über spielen. Da tendenziell wenig bis kein Schnee liegt, ist es tatsächlich nur eine Frage der richtigen Kleidung. Darüber hinaus haben mein Sohn und ich auch Zugang zu einer Indooranlage (Trackman), bei Bekannten von uns im Keller. Was wir dann schwerpunktmäßig üben, ist eher das kurze Spiel…

In Salt Lake City, we have several ranges that are sheltered, and heated. The way I practice is to imagine I'm playing a round on one of the local public courses, so I vary the clubs from driver to wedges. Even with snow on the ground, one facility has a variety of markers and postings on a plaque to gauge approximate distances. One facility has monitors you can sign up on an app that will give you distances and directions of the ball. Another method I use is start with wedges working up to the driver. Sadly, no putting is available.